GPS-Derived Slant Water Vapor for Cloud Monitoring in Singapore

This paper presents a GPS-derived slant water vapor technique for cloud monitoring in Singapore. The normalized wet delay (SWD) and (SWV) are introduced. suitability of the SWV over is demonstrated, as it not very sensitive to satellite elevation angle. For better illustration representation spatial distribution SWV, skyplot discretized into different cells based on azimuth angles produce plot. plots analyzed compared alongside sky images. results show that generally consistent with formation observed images, hence demonstrating their usefulness monitoring. probability associated cloudy clear conditions also analyzed, which shows mean values former higher. Finally, time series explored relation solar irradiance. It shown ratio measured